The Sunni branch of Islam comprises the overwhelming majority of modern-day Muslims. Four caliphates after the prophet Muhammad’s death, disagreement over his rightful successor eventually led to the Sunni-Shi’a split: on the one hand, the historical Shi’a community believed that Muhammad’s son-in-law, Ali, “and his descendants as divinely authorized to rule the Muslim community” (more info); on the other hand, the Sunni community believed that succession should be determined by the people’s will. While this sectarian division marks a crucial event in Islamic history, the practice and traditions of the Sunni community coalesced gradually over the next several centuries. To summarize, the Sunni madhhab (school of thought) emphasizes the intrinsic role that religion and religious writings (the Qur’an, the hadith) play in public life and policy.
See also Sunni Islam
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